![]() ![]() A multiaxial joint, such as the shoulder or hip joint, allows for three planes of motions. ![]() Joints that allow for movements in two planes are biaxial joints, such as the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers. A uniaxial diarthrosis, such as the elbow, is a joint that only allows for movement within a single anatomical plane. All synovial joints are functionally classified as diarthroses. The most common type of joint is the diarthrosis, which is a freely moveable joint. Thus, based on their movement ability, both fibrous and cartilaginous joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or amphiarthrosis. The cartilaginous joints in which vertebrae are united by intervertebral discs provide for small movements between the adjacent vertebrae and are also an amphiarthrosis type of joint. In these joints, the contiguous bony surfaces are covered with articular cartilage and connected by ligaments lined by synovial membrane. Diarthroses are freely movable articulations. An example is the pubic symphysis of the pelvis, the cartilaginous joint that strongly unites the right and left hip bones of the pelvis. A synovial joint, also known as a diarthrosis, is the most common and most movable type of joint in a mammal’s body. A joint that allows for limited movement is an amphiarthrosis. Examples include the fibrous joints of the skull sutures and the cartilaginous manubriosternal joint. This type of joint provides for a strong connection between the adjacent bones, which serves to protect internal structures such as the brain or heart. ![]() A synarthrosis is a joint that is essentially immobile. The functional classification of body joints is based on the degree of movement found at each joint. In contrast, at a synovial joint, the articulating bone surfaces are not directly united to each other, but come together within a fluid-filled joint cavity. Similarly, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage. At fibrous joints, the adjacent bones are directly united to each other by fibrous connective tissue. Structural classifications of the body joints are based on how the bones are held together and articulate with each other. A multiaxial joint, such as the hip joint, allows for three types of movement: anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and rotational. ![]()
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